Socrates was brought to trial and condemned to death for "subversive behavior, impiety, and the corruption of Athens' youth."
Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth by encouraging them to question authority and traditional beliefs. He was also accused of impiety, for not believing in the gods of the Athenian pantheon and introducing new deities to the city. These accusations were seen as subversive behavior and a threat to the stability of Athens' democratic system. There is no evidence that Socrates engaged in homoerotic relationships with a politician or spoke out against Athens' democratic system. These accusations are not part of the historical record and are not supported by the available evidence.
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Please put the following in the correct order:
Reign of Wu Ding
Alexander begins
his conquests
Confucius is born
Civil War/Warring
Period
The Greco-Persian
Wars begin
Shi Huangdi orders
book burnings
The Buddha is
born
The Old Kingdom
ends in Egypt
The Harappan
civilization
develops
The Shang
Dynasty begins
Sumerians create
the world's first
writing system
Sun Tzu is born
Folding umbrella is
invented
Writing developed
in China
Socrates dies
Answer:
The correct order is:
Sumerians create the world's first writing system
The Old Kingdom ends in Egypt
The Harappan civilization develops
The Shang Dynasty begins
Reign of Wu Ding
Confucius is born
Shi Huangdi orders book burnings
The Buddha is born
Writing developed in China
Sun Tzu is born
Folding umbrella is invented
Civil War/Warring Period
Alexander begins his conquests
The Greco-Persian Wars begin
Socrates dies
How are certain groups portrayed in mean girls?
In the film, Mean Girls directed by Mark Waters (2004), adolescents are represented as bullies, who use manipulation to achieve what they want and are two-faced with the people around them; they are constantly stereotyped as a high social group like the plastics and a low social group like the mathletes; also they are presented as young people that fall under peer pressure, and are overly concerned about their appearance and about being socially accepted.
In the film "Mean Girls," certain groups are portrayed in a stereotypical and exaggerated manner.
The popular girls, or the "Plastics," are depicted as shallow, manipulative, and obsessed with appearance and social status. The jocks are shown as brutish and unintelligent, while the "nerds" are portrayed as socially awkward and unattractive.
The film reinforces these stereotypes through its characters' behavior, mannerisms, and dialogue, and perpetuates a culture of social hierarchy and exclusion. While the film ultimately presents a message of acceptance and individuality, the portrayal of certain groups perpetuates harmful stereotypes and reinforces the idea that people can be easily categorized and judged based on their appearance or social status.
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you are researching a paper on sanctuary cities when you find a website with an article written by a sociology professor. the article has numbers on how sanctuary cities have fewer violent crimes than non-sanctuary cities. when you research the site further by looking up who hosts the site, you discover that it is an openly left-leaning organization. after you apply the craap analysis, your best choice is:
Based on the CRAAP analysis, the best choice in this situation would be to critically evaluate the credibility of the article before using it in your research paper.
Here are the steps you could take:
Currency: Check the date of the article to ensure that the information is up-to-date and relevant to your research. Make sure that the statistics cited in the article are based on recent data.
Relevance: Make sure that the information in the article is relevant to your research topic on sanctuary cities.
Authority: Check the credentials of the sociology professor who wrote the article to ensure that he or she is qualified to write about the topic. Look for information about the professor's education, experience, and expertise in the field of sociology.
Accuracy: Check the sources cited in the article to verify the accuracy of the information. Look for reliable sources that confirm the statistics cited in the article.
Purpose: Consider the purpose of the organization that hosts the website. If the organization has a clear bias or agenda, it may affect the objectivity of the article.
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couples tend to have more sex when they divide the household chores based on: a. the difficulty level of the chores. b. taking turns. c. an equal division of labor. d. the time of day.
Answer:
c an equal division of labor
Explanation:
c because not one feels like the other is doing more than the other
Couples tend to have more sex when they divide the household chores based on an equal division of labor.
Household chores are the tasks that one does to maintain a clean, safe, and healthy home. These tasks include cooking, cleaning, laundry, and yard work. Who is responsible for the household chores?In general, household chores should be divided equally among the members of the family. Everyone, including parents and children, should contribute to maintaining a clean and orderly home.How does the division of household chores impact a relationship?Dividing household chores is an important aspect of any relationship. When both partners contribute to the upkeep of the home, it helps to prevent resentment and stress from building up over time. This, in turn, can lead to a happier and more satisfying relationship.Research has also shown that couples who divide household chores equally tend to have more sex than those who do not. This may be because sharing the responsibilities of the home leads to a more balanced and fulfilling partnership, which can ultimately lead to a healthier sex life.
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someone who argues against euthanasia by saying that a law allowing active voluntary euthanasia would lead to abuses by increasing the use of nonvoluntary euthanasia and killing is drawing on which philosophical framework?
Someone who argues against euthanasia by saying that a law allowing active voluntary euthanasia would lead to abuses by increasing the use of nonvoluntary euthanasia and killing is drawing on the slippery slope argument, which is a type of argument often used in ethical and philosophical debates.
According to the slippery slope theory, legalizing's active voluntary euthanasia will unavoidably result in a chain of connected but increasingly unfavorable outcomes, such as a rise in nonvoluntary euthanasia and killing.
This argument is founded on the idea that making euthanasia legal would set a bad precedent that would be hard to control and, in the end, result in the erosion of moral and ethical standards.
The "slippery slope fallacy," which contends that if we permit one thing to happen, a string of undesirable consequences will inevitably follow, is the basis for the slippery slope argument, which can be traced back to the philosophy of ethics.
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when writing the date on january 1st, edna always accidentally fills in the previous year. this is an example of
This is an example of what is known as a "frequency illusion" or "Baader-Meinhof phenomenon," which is a cognitive bias where a person becomes more aware of something after encountering it for the first time.
In this case, Edna is likely experiencing a pattern recognition bias, where her brain has become accustomed to writing the previous year on January 1st, and she continues to do so unconsciously, even though the correct year has changed.
Over time, her brain may adjust to the new year and break the pattern, but it is not uncommon for people to experience this type of cognitive bias in various contexts.
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teo, a 24-month-old, is extremely fond of a dog-shaped box gifted by his grandfather. one day, teo's sibling mischievously hides the box. unable to see the box, teo searches for it and finds it hidden under his bed. this scenario best illustrates
The scenario of Teo, a 24-month-old searching for a dog-shaped box that was hidden by his sibling but finding it under his bed eventually illustrates: the concept of Object Permanence.
Object permanence is the ability of infants to understand that objects exist even when they cannot see, hear, or touch them. Initially, infants under six months do not understand the concept of object permanence. They assume that if an object is not in sight, it no longer exists.
But, as they grow older, they start to develop this concept. Teo's search for the box under the bed is a perfect example of how he has developed the idea of object permanence. Despite being unable to see the box, he knew it was there, and he looked for it, and his search led him to find the box under the bed.
This example shows how a child understands that objects still exist even if they can’t be seen. Therefore, Teo's behavior shows that he has developed the concept of object permanence.
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if i am the person who comes up with the innovative solution, which role would i most likely play on a creative problem-solving team?
The position I would most likely have in a team that solves problems creatively is Idea champion if I am the one who comes up with the original idea.
What are some illustrations of concept champions?The Promote Inclusion, Diversity, Equality and Access strategy pathway's primary goals are recognised by the IDEA Champion Designation, which is given to chapters that have successfully completed many of them.An "idea champion" in a smaller company could be the founder, the entrepreneur owner, a consultant, a member of the incoming family ownership, etc. Anything throughout a firm's supply chain, both inside and outside the company proper, is a potential location for the generation of ideas. "An innovation champion is a person who works for a company and commits their time and energy to advancing a change, such introducing a novel intervention or a quality-improvement initiative.
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If you are the person who comes up with the innovative solution, you would most likely play the role of the "idea generator" or "creative thinker" on a creative problem-solving team. Your skills in developing content-loaded ideas would be valuable in brainstorming sessions and role-play exercises to generate unique solutions.
What is Creative Problem-Solving?
Creative problem-solving refers to a process in which a group of people identifies a problem and attempts to develop a variety of solutions for it. It requires the utilization of imagination and innovation. People who engage in creative problem-solving look for new ways to address issues by considering alternatives that have never been tried before.
Creative problem-solving teams utilize brainstorming sessions, experimentation, and collaboration to generate a range of innovative solutions. When it comes to creative problem-solving teams, each member plays a specific role.
Some team members are idea generators, while others are implementers or evaluators. If you are the person who comes up with an innovative solution, then you would most likely play the role of the idea generator on a creative problem-solving team.
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although your text presents scientific truth as error-prone, it still asserts that it is a valid source of truth because group of answer choices our tests in science are repeatable. our best theories have internal consistency. our good theories have high utility in technology. theoretical science has led to many practical benefits. all of the above
All of the above reasons contribute to scientific truth being considered a valid source of truth, despite being error-prone. Therefore, the correct option is “all of the above.”
This is because our tests in science are repeatable, our best theories have internal consistency, our good theories have high utility in technology, and theoretical science has led to many practical benefits. Each of these factors enhances the reliability and validity of scientific findings.
Science is a human endeavor that aims to explain and understand the natural world. While science is expected to be logical, unbiased, and free of human errors, scientific truth is still considered error-prone. This is because scientific truth is constantly changing as new discoveries are made and new data becomes available. Additionally, scientific truths are not always absolute and are often subject to interpretation, modification, and revision.
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risky sexual behavior tends to be prevalent during early adulthood. this puts individuals at increased risk of
Answer: STDs
Explanation:
Risky sexual behavior during early adulthood puts individuals at increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, and experiencing negative social and psychological consequences.
Sexual behavior can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as cultural norms, personal values, and individual preferences.
Risky sexual behavior, such as having unprotected sex or engaging in sexual activity while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, can increase the likelihood of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies.
It can also lead to long-term health problems, such as cervical cancer, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. Therefore, it is important for individuals to practice safe sex and engage in healthy sexual behaviors.
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explain the underlying meaning in the tragedy of the commons where the good of the society must be weighed against the good of the individual?
The tragedy of the commons is a concept that refers to a situation where individuals, acting in their own self-interest, deplete or destroy a shared resource that is essential for the common good of society.
In such a scenario, each individual benefits from exploiting the resource but does not bear the full cost of its depletion. As a result, the resource is overused, leading to its eventual degradation or exhaustion, which harms everyone in the society.
The tragedy of the commons highlights the tension that often exists between the good of the society and the good of the individual. While individuals have the right to pursue their own interests, they also have a responsibility to consider the impact of their actions on the broader community.
In the case of shared resources, such as air, water, and public lands, it is important to balance individual interests with the need to preserve these resources for future generations.
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What did the court assert in Jacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts?
1. The government does not have the right to deny individual liberty even when it serves the common good
2. the federal government has the right to ignore decisions made by state courts
2. individuals have no right to refuse or oppose a government order upheld by the courts
4. the government can overrule a claim of individual rights to protect the common good
Answer is, 4. the government can overrule a claim of individual rights to protect the common good
p.s just wanted to help y'all out
Explanation:
The court asserted in Jacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts that "individual liberty may at times, under the pressure of great dangers, be subjected to such restraint, to be enforced by reasonable regulations, as the safety of the general public may demand." Therefore, the correct option is:
4. The government can overrule a claim of individual rights to protect the common good.
margaret capitalizes on the talents of her work group by sharing decision making responsibilities with them. margaret is likely a(an)
Margaret capitalizes on the talents of her work group by sharing decision making responsibilities with them. Margaret is likely a participative leader.
Participative leadership is a leadership approach in which all team members collaborate to reach choices. Due to the management teams' encouragement of participation from all staff members, participatory leadership is sometimes referred to as democratic leadership. A business CEO who practices participatory leadership, for instance, aspires to involve all team members in decision-making. In groups or businesses with clearly defined responsibilities needing little administration or monitoring, such as colleges, technology corporations, or construction firms, participative leadership can be most effective.
When employees engage in important decisions, they feel more in control of the organization. If employees have a voice in a company's decisions or adjustments, they may feel more secure in them.
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a therapist does a study of a person by reviewing their history, tests, and interviewing friends and family. using this information, the therapist constructs a clear picture of their behavior. what type of study is this?
The type of study that a therapist does of a person by reviewing their history, tests, and interviewing friends and family in order to construct a clear picture of their behavior is a case study.
What is a case study?A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or phenomenon. A case study researcher can use various methods to collect data, including interviews, observations, document analysis, and archival records.
Case studies are used in a variety of fields, including psychology, medicine, social sciences, and business, among others. They are used to gain a deeper understanding of a particular phenomenon or case and to explore how different factors might have contributed to a particular outcome or behavior.
So, a therapist does a study of a person by reviewing their history, tests, and interviewing friends and family. Using this information, the therapist constructs a clear picture of their behavior. The type of study that this is is a case study.
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an insight therapy that provides a supportive emotional climate for clients who play a major role in determining the direction of their own therapy is called
Client-centred therapy is insight therapy that emphasizes creating a supportive emotional environment for clients to determine the direction of their therapy.
Client-centred therapy, also referred to as person-centred therapy, is an insight therapy created by Carl Rogers that emphasises fostering an emotional environment that is supportive for clients to examine their inner selves and choose the course of their treatment. The therapist exhibits sensitivity, unwavering positive respect, and alignment, and provides a welcoming and nonjudgmental atmosphere where the client feels secure to express themselves.
In this method, the client's unique viewpoint and life experiences are emphasized, and the client is viewed as the foremost authority on their situation. Depression, anxiety, and interpersonal problems are just a few of the mental health conditions that are treated with client-centred counselling.
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which scenario involving childhood sexual behavior would be least likely in contemporary american culture?
In contemporary American culture, any sexual behavior involving a child would be considered inappropriate and illegal. Any adult who engages in sexual behavior with a child is breaking the law and can be prosecuted for child sexual abuse.
Children are not capable of giving informed consent to sexual behavior, and it is the responsibility of adults to protect children from any form of sexual exploitation or abuse.
It is also important to note that children's natural curiosity and exploration of their bodies is a normal part of human development. However, this type of behavior should be handled with care and sensitivity, and it is important for parents and caregivers to provide age-appropriate education and support around sexuality and boundaries.
Inappropriate behavior involving children can have serious and long-lasting effects on their physical and emotional health, and it is essential to prevent and address any such behavior through appropriate channels.
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what is the bodily continuity theory of personal identity? what are the main arguments for and against this theory?
If and only if A and B have the same body, then person A at time t1 and person B at time t2 are the same (that is, they are bodily continuous) according to the bodily continuity theory of personal identity.
Most of our common judgments about personal identity are in line with this. Nonetheless, it appears that there are logically conceivable situations in which the physical criterion's conclusions run counter to our carefully studied conclusions.
One of the most important concerns in the philosophy of mind is how awareness develops from physical substance, and the body theory does not offer an adequate answer. Which of those ideas is true cannot be determined; instead, it depends on the individual's views and decisions.
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an interchange that is designed to allow vehicles to turn off or onto the freeway from four different directions without turning left or crossing other traffic is called a:
An interchange designed to allow vehicles to turn off or onto the freeway from four different directions without turning left or crossing other traffic is called a clover leaf
A cloverleaf interchange is one that is made to enable cars to exit or enter the motorway from four different directions without going left or cutting through other lanes of traffic. Typically, this kind of junction has a number of ramps and circles that let traffic move easily in all directions without passing over or obstructing other traffic. The interchange's shape, which when seen from above mimics a four-leaf clover, gave rise to the moniker cloverleaf.
On roads and freeways, cloverleaf interchanges are frequently used to help control traffic movement and relieve congestion. Because they permit traffic to travel in multiple directions without halting or traversing other lanes of traffic, they may be more effective than conventional intersections or left-hand turn lanes. In order to guarantee safety and prevent mishaps, they can also be more complicated and necessitate cautious navigation by drivers.
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Write a paragraph describing how independence is commemorated in Jamaica
Answer:
what is the value of studying photos of historical events
children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. this is an example of .
Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology, this is an example of the digital divide
The difference between people, groups, and countries that have access to information and communication technologies, such as computers and the internet, and those that do not are referred to as the digital divide. This gap can occur within communities or families as well as among communities or regions within nations.
In particular, for people and groups who are already marginalized or poor, the digital gap can restrict chances for economic, educational, and social growth. This makes it a major worldwide problem. A variety of strategies are needed to close the digital gap, including increasing access to ICT infrastructure, fostering digital literacy, and developing laws that support a fair division of opportunities and resources.
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legally, marital status affects all of the following except group of answer choices social security benefits. federal tax status. medical decision making. the right to use contraceptives.
Answer: The right to use contraceptives.
Explanation:
Legally, marital status affects all of the following except medical decision making. The other options that are affected by marital status are social security benefits, federal tax status, and the right to use contraceptives.
What is marital status?The legally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship is referred to as marital status. This partnership is usually registered and recognized by law. A person's marital status affects their legal rights and obligations in several ways. It influences a variety of government programs, benefits, and regulations, as well as financial and inheritance rights.What does marital status affect?Marital status affects a number of things. It affects a person's legal name, the ability to adopt, the right to leave property to one's spouse, the right to inherit without a will, and the ability to access health insurance or other benefits through a spouse's employer.What is not affected by marital status?Medical decision making is not affected by marital status. The right to make medical decisions for oneself and others is determined by other factors, such as an individual's legal guardianship or power of attorney. Therefore, we can say that legally, marital status affects all of the following except medical decision making.
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n contemporary u.s. society, men suffer more from gender inequality as individuals, while women are harmed more as a group. this is because
In contemporary u.s. society, men suffer more from gender inequality as individuals, while women are harmed more as a group. This is because, men are harmed by androcentrism alone and women by androcentrism, and subordination.
The evaluation of people and civilizations from the perspectives, norms, and values of men is called androcentrism. The term portrays a male-focused perspective that doesn't generally communicate obviously ominous perspectives on ladies and young ladies yet rather sees men and young men as imitating or mirroring what is happening, while ladies and young ladies are viewed as veering off from it.
It is a refined, repressed, and much of the time unnoticed type of sexism that exists along a continuum of sexism and male centric mentalities. However, it is also influenced by patriarchal cultures, where men have more authority and power, including the right to judge and interpret cultures and people.
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according to freudian theory, boys who experience extreme castration anxiety resolve the conflict by identifying with their fathers, and putting aside their desires for their mothers. this conflict develops during the stage, and the process is called the .
According to freudian theory, the mentioned conflict, which boys experience extreme castration anxiety, develops during the phallic stage, and the process is called the Oedipus complex.
The Freudian theory is a psychological theory created by Sigmund Freud. This theory focuses on how the unconscious mind shapes human behavior, personality, and perception.
Mind in the freudian theoryAccording to this theory, the mind is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. These three parts work together to create a person's thoughts and behavior.
The Freudian theory suggests that a person's unconscious thoughts and feelings influence their behavior. This theory is used in psychotherapy to help people gain insight into their unconscious thoughts and feelings and adapt their behavior accordingly.
What is the Oedipus complex?The Oedipus complex is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, boys experience a conflict during the phallic stage of development. This conflict involves their desires for their mothers and the fear of castration by their fathers.
Boys who experience extreme castration anxiety resolve this conflict by identifying with their fathers and putting aside their desires for their mothers. This process is called the Oedipus complex. The Oedipus complex is a normal part of human development and is resolved during the latency stage of development.
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. What does autotroph mean?
1. what interests you about the hacu national internship program? 2. how will the hacu national internship program enhance your academic and career goals? 3. what role do you see public service playing in your professional and personal life? 4. given your work experiences, what skills do you bring to the hacu national internship program, and what skills are you looking to further develop?
1. The HACU National Internship Program is a highly regarded program that offers students the opportunity to gain valuable experience in their field of interest
2. Participating in the HACU National Internship Program would provide me with an opportunity to develop important skills that are relevant to both my academic and career goals.
3. Public service is an important aspect of both my personal and professional life.
4.Through my work experiences, I have developed strong communication, problem-solving, and time-management skills.
While also providing exposure to a diverse range of industries and organizations. What interests me most about the program is the chance to work with experienced professionals in a variety of settings and learn about different career paths.
The program would offer me a chance to gain real-world experience in my field of study and expand my professional network, which would be valuable as I pursue my career after graduation.
I believe that it is important to use my skills and knowledge to make a positive impact on the world around me. In my professional life, I hope to work for an organization that has a strong commitment to public service and social responsibility.
These skills will be valuable assets as I participate in the HACU National Internship Program. In terms of further development, I hope to expand my knowledge in the areas of project management and leadership, which are important skills for any professional to possess.
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international research indicates that math instruction: involves memorizing math facts, rules, and processes. involves rote memory. varies by nation. is active and engaging.
International researchers indicates that math instruction varies by nation therefore the correct option is C.
In some nations, calculation instruction is more focused on scholars learning calculation data, rules, and processes, as well as rote memory. In other countries, there's further of an emphasis on active and engaging instruction. This active instruction involves scholars working together to break problems, and engaging in hands- on conditioning.
It also involves tutoring students the operation of calculation generalities in the real world. Eventually, exploration shows that a combination of both memorization and active instruction is the most effective way to educate calculation.
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clinicians may have a difficult time distinguishing between severe mood disorder and schizophrenia because group of answer choices
Clinicians may have a difficult time distinguishing between severe mood disorder and schizophrenia because negative schizophrenia symptoms present much like depression. Option 1 is correct.
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia, such as flat affect, social withdrawal, and lack of motivation, can be mistaken for symptoms of depression. This can make it difficult for clinicians to distinguish between severe mood disorders and schizophrenia, as both may present with similar symptoms.
Additionally, individuals with schizophrenia may experience mood symptoms, such as depression or anxiety, which can further complicate diagnosis. To accurately diagnose a patient, clinicians must consider a range of factors, including the duration and severity of symptoms, family history, and the presence of other symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions.
By carefully considering these factors, clinicians can make an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment to their patients. Hence Option 1 is correct.
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The complete question is:
Clinicians may have a difficult time distinguishing between severe mood disorder and schizophrenia because
negative schizophrenia symptoms present much like depression.erotomanic delusions.overwhelming hallucinations.disorganized speech.resolving to never drink and drive after the death of your friend in a car accident an example of which process of change?
Resolving to never drink and drive after the death of your friend in a car accident an example of Emotional arousal process of change.
This method, often referred to as dramatic relief, operates on a profound level than conscious experience and is just as crucial in the early phases of change. A problem behavior's potential solutions and emotional arousal are two terms used to describe the same thing.
By observing what they saw as common steps in the effective recovery of alcoholics and drug addicts, psychologist James Prochaska and his colleagues established a way of thinking about transformation that transcends psychological theories. The transtheoretical model of change states that as people make changes, they move through a series of stages.
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which type of validity refers to methodology and procedures? group of answer choices bias internal validity external validity
The type of validity that refers to methodology and procedures is Internal validity. Internal validity is a measure of how well a research study has been conducted (i.e., its methodology).
It refers to the validity of inferences, implying that the inferences made on the data analyzed are accurate and dependable. In other words, internal validity indicates whether the observed effect can be ascribed to the manipulated treatment or not. A study has good internal validity if it has adequately controlled for potential threats to the study's validity. The following are examples of such threats: confounding variables non-equivalent control group pre-test sensitization experimental mortality instrumentation.
In summary, if a research study has strong internal validity, it is less likely that the observed effect was caused by an extraneous variable or error.
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you are on your way to class and you walk by a burger king restaurant. you smell the french fries and you start to salivate. this association is the result of
This association is the result of classical conditioning.
The link between the scent of French fries and salivation is an example of classical conditioning, which is a learning process in which an organism learns to connect two stimuli together. In this instance, the smell of French fries (neutral stimulus) has been frequently paired with the flavour of the fries (unconditioned stimulus), eliciting salivation naturally. (unconditioned response). The scent of the fries becomes linked with the flavour of the fries over time, and the smell alone can elicit salivation. (conditioned response).
A form of learning in which an organism learns to link two events together is known as classical conditioning. It entails combining a neutral stimulus (one that does not naturally elicit a particular response) with an unconditioned stimulus (one that does naturally elicit a particular response) to produce a taught response known as a conditioned response. The neutral stimulus becomes linked with the unconditioned stimulus through repetitive pairings and can trigger the conditioned reaction without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus.
Classical conditioning was first researched and defined in the late nineteenth century by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, and it has since been recognized as a basic type of learning in both humans and animals.
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