The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is an exothermic reaction, and its value can be calculated using the enthalpy change. The enthalpy change is the amount of energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. In this reaction, the enthalpy change is -196 kJ, which means that the reaction releases 196 kJ of
energy when 2 moles of hydrogen peroxide are decomposed into water and oxygen at constant pressure.
Now, we need to calculate the value of q in kJ when 2.00 g of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed at constant pressure. The molar mass of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is 34.0147 g/mol. So, the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide can be
calculated as follows:
Number of moles of H2O2 = mass of H2O2 / molar mass of H2O2
Number of moles of H2O2 = 2.00 g / 34.0147 g/mol
Number of moles of H2O2 = 0.05878 mol
As per the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of hydrogen peroxide are required to produce 2 moles of water and 1 mole of oxygen. So, the number of moles of water and oxygen produced can be calculated as follows:
Number of moles of H2O = 2 x 0.05878 mol = 0.11756 mol
Number of moles of O2 = 1 x 0.05878 mol = 0.05878 mol
The enthalpy change is -196 kJ per 2 moles of hydrogen peroxide. So, the enthalpy change per 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide can be calculated as follows:
Enthalpy change per 1 mole of H2O2 = -196 kJ / 2 mol
Enthalpy change per 1 mole of H2O2 = -98 kJ/mol
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which combination of elements are required for a compound to be considered organic? multiple choice carbon and oxygen carbon and hydrogen sodium and carbon nitrogen and oxygen
The combination of elements that are required for a compound to be considered organic are carbon and hydrogen. The correct answer among the given options is carbon and hydrogen.
Organic compounds are the fundamental components of life and are classified by the presence of carbon atoms, which are covalently linked to one another and to other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, as well as by the lack of ionic bonding.
To summarize, an organic compound is a compound that contains carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, among other elements, in a covalent bond. The majority of organic compounds contain a carbon-carbon bond, which is the foundation of organic chemistry.
The following are some examples of organic compounds:
Methane, CH4
Ethanol, C2H5OH
Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH
Acetone, (CH3)2CO
Amino acid glycine, NH2CH2COOH
As a result, the correct combination of elements that are required for a compound to be considered organic are carbon and hydrogen.
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benefits/advantages of friedel crafts acylation reactions as compared to friedel crafts alkylation reactions?
Friedel crafts acylation is preferred over Friedel craft alkylation. Friedel crafts acylation reactions have many benefits as compared to Friedel crafts alkylation reactions.
Friedel-Crafts acylation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions are both types of electrophilic substitution reactions that involve the formation of carbocations as intermediates. However, acylation is preferred over alkylation in certain situations.
Here are some benefits of Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions compared to Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions:
1. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions produce pure compounds as their major products because they do not involve any byproducts like Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions.
2. The yields of Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions are often higher than those of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions.
3. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions are more selective than Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions because the acyl group is a better electrophile than the alkyl group.
4. The carbonyl group in the acylating agent (usually an acid chloride) can be selectively protected or modified using a variety of functional groups without affecting the aromatic ring. This is not possible in Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions.
5. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions can be carried out with a wider range of substrates (such as anisole or benzene) than Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions.
6. The products of Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions are often more reactive than the starting materials, which allows for further functionalization or modification of the aromatic ring.
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how would the volume of naoh required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid compare to the volume of naoh required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a weak acid?
The volume of NaOH required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid is typically smaller than the volume of NaOH required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a weak acid.
This is because the strong acid is more reactive and therefore requires less base to neutralize it.
In a titration, the volume of a base (such as NaOH) required to reach the equivalence point is determined by the strength of the acid being titrated.
Generally speaking, a stronger acid will require a smaller volume of base than a weaker acid to reach the equivalence point.
This is because the stronger acid is more reactive, and it therefore requires less base to neutralize it.
When titrating a strong acid with a base such as NaOH, the equivalence point is reached when the number of moles of the acid is equal to the number of moles of the base.
In this situation, a relatively small volume of base will be required to completely neutralize the acid.
On the other hand, when titrating a weak acid with NaOH, the equivalence point is reached when the pH of the solution reaches the pKa of the acid.
This requires a much larger volume of NaOH than is required for titrating a strong acid, as the weak acid is much less reactive and therefore requires a larger volume of base to neutralize it.
In summary, the volume of NaOH required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid is typically smaller than the volume of NaOH required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of a weak acid.
This is because the strong acid is more reactive and therefore requires less base to neutralize it.
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what would the equilibrium concentration of hf be if 1.50 mol of hf is removed from the equilibrium mixture in part a?
The equilibrium concentration of HF would be 0.625 mol/L.
When 1.50 mol of HF is removed from the equilibrium mixture, the reaction will proceed to the left in order to regain equilibrium. The equation for this reaction is:
HF(g) ↔ H+(aq) + F−(aq)
Since the equilibrium constant, Kc, is constant, the ratio of the product and reactant concentrations remains unchanged.
Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of HF can be determined by dividing the original equilibrium concentration by the number of moles of HF that have been removed.
The final equilibrium concentration of HF would be 0.625 mol/L (1.50 mol / 2.40 mol).
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what caused the newt population to become more poisonous
Answer:
claim
Explanation:
CLAIM: The newt population became more poisonous because the snakes in this environment caused poison to be an adaptive trait, and Poison Level 10 is the most common because the newts with this trait were able to live longer and reproduce more than other newts.
if you repeated this experiment with a different concentration of crystal violet, would you expect to find the same order with respect to crystal violet or a different one?
which of the following accounts for the difference in phase observed at room temperature? choose one or more: a. one structure forms hydrogen bonds which are stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions formed by the other structure. b. one structure has ionic intramolecular interactions compared to covalent intermolecular interactions observed in the other structure. c. one structure is larger (greater molecular weight) and has stronger dispersion forces than the other structure. d. one structure has polar bonds compared to the nonpolar bonds observed in the other structure.
The variation in phase observed at room temperature can be explained by the presence of polar bonds in one structure as opposed to nonpolar bonds in the other structure.
Why do most dipole dipole forces weaken in comparison to hydrogen bonds 53?Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between highly electronegative atoms (F, O, and N) and hydrogen, they are stronger than dipole-dipole interactions. As compared to any polar bond that has dipole-dipole interactions, the dipole is stronger because of the greater electronegativity differential.
What are hydrogen bonding and dipole dipole dispersion?Dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion interactions (sometimes referred to as Van der Waals interactions), hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds are the four basic intermolecular interaction types in charge of a compound's physical characteristics.
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a popular classroom demonstration involves placing a paper cup with water in it on a burner, and boiling the water in the cup. although part of the cup may burn, the part containing the water does not because
Answer: A popular classroom demonstration involves placing a paper cup with water in it on a burner and boiling the water in the cup. Although part of the cup may burn, the part containing the water does not. This is because of the phenomenon of surface tension.
Surface tension is the force that causes the molecules at the surface of a liquid to be attracted to one another, creating a film of molecules across the surface of the liquid. This causes the water molecules to stick together and form a barrier against the heat of the flame, thus protecting the water from the heat.
The water molecules at the surface of the cup create a protective film, allowing the heat of the flame to be distributed evenly throughout the cup. This prevents the water in the cup from boiling and keeps it from burning.
The surface tension phenomenon can also be seen in other forms of liquids such as soaps and detergents. When these liquids are placed in a container and agitated, the molecules form a protective film over the surface of the liquid and prevent it from evaporating.
Surface tension is a fascinating phenomenon that can be seen in everyday life, and it can be used to explain why the paper cup does not burn when placed on a burner.
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during the past 275 years, human activities have been responsible for 70% of methane emissions. which activity is not a source of methane?
Methane can be produced from various natural and human-related activities. However, one activity that is not a source of methane is photosynthesis.
Methane emissions and effects.Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that can contribute to climate change. It has a much greater warming effect than carbon dioxide, although it stays in the atmosphere for a shorter period of time. The effects of methane emissions can include:
Contributing to global warming: Methane traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change.Impacts on human health: Methane emissions can affect human health, leading to respiratory problems and other health issues.Environmental impacts: Methane emissions can also have a range of environmental impacts, such as damaging ecosystems, impacting biodiversity, and leading to soil and water contamination.Economic impacts: Methane emissions can also have significant economic impacts, such as affecting agriculture, leading to crop failures, and damaging infrastructure.Learn more about emissions here https://brainly.com/question/14275614
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a compound of bromine and fluorine is used to make uf6, which is an important chemical in processing and reprocessing of nuclear fuel. the compound contains 58.37 mass percent bromine. determine its empirical formula.
Answer: The compound of bromine and fluorine used to make UF6 has an empirical formula of BrF8, which contains 1 atom of bromine and 8 atoms of fluorine. This compound is composed of 58.37 mass percent bromine and 41.63 mass percent fluorine.
The compound of bromine and fluorine used to make UF6 is composed of 58.37 mass percent bromine. To determine its empirical formula, we can use the following equation:
Molecular Mass = Mass Percent Bromine/Atomic Mass Bromine * Number of Bromine Atoms + Mass Percent Fluorine/Atomic Mass Fluorine * Number of Fluorine Atoms
Using this equation, we can determine the empirical formula by rearranging the equation and making it easier to calculate. To do this, we can make all terms on the right side of the equation be a multiple of the smallest mass percent of the elements in the compound. In this case, the smallest mass percent is bromine, so we must make the fluorine mass percent be a multiple of 58.37.
58.37/Atomic Mass Bromine * Number of Bromine Atoms = Mass Percent Fluorine/Atomic Mass Fluorine * Number of Fluorine Atoms
Using this equation, we can calculate the number of bromine atoms and fluorine atoms. The atomic mass of bromine is 79.9 and the atomic mass of fluorine is 19. In this equation, the number of bromine atoms is 1, and the number of fluorine atoms is 8. This results in an empirical formula of BrF8.
In conclusion, the compound of bromine and fluorine used to make UF6 has an empirical formula of BrF8, which contains 1 atom of bromine and 8 atoms of fluorine. This compound is composed of 58.37 mass percent bromine and 41.63 mass percent fluorine.
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Which would you expect to increase the rate of photosynthesis?
As you rise from low light intensity to higher light intensity, the rate of photosynthesis will increase because there is more light available to drive the reactions of photosynthesis.
propane combusts with oxygen according to the reaction:c3h8 5 o2 --> 3 co2 4 h2oif 15.0 g of c3h8 and 50.0g of o2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reactant?
The reaction of propane and oxygen is C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O. If 15.0 g of C3H8 and 50.0g of O2 are allowed to react, then oxygen is the limiting reactant because there is only enough C3H8 to consume 45.0 g of oxygen, while there is enough oxygen to consume 30.0 g of C3H8.
Explanation : Propane combusts with oxygen according to the reaction C3H8+5O2-->3CO2+4H2O.If 15.0 g of C3H8 and 50.0 g of O2 are allowed to react, then oxygen is the limiting reactant.Steps to solve this problem:Calculate the number of moles of C3H8 and O2.Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, calculate the number of moles of CO2 and H2O that should be produced by the reaction.Using the mole ratio of C3H8 and O2, calculate the number of moles of O2 that are needed to react with 15.0 g of C3H8.Using the mole ratio of O2 and CO2, calculate the number of moles of CO2 that should be produced by reacting with the moles of O2 calculated in step 3.If the calculated number of moles of CO2 from step 4 is greater than the calculated number of moles of CO2 using the amount of O2 given in the problem (50.0 g), then oxygen is the limiting reactant. If the calculated number of moles of CO2 from step 4 is less than the calculated number of moles of CO2 using the amount of C3H8 given in the problem (15.0 g), then C3H8 is the limiting reactant. If the calculated number of moles of CO2 from step 4 is equal to the calculated number of moles of CO2 using either the amount of C3H8 or O2 given in the problem, then neither reactant is limiting.
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complete combustion and incomplete combustion what are they and the equation for them?? :)
Answer:
Complete combustion takes place in the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen while an incomplete combustion reaction takes place when there is an insufficient amount of oxygen supply.
The equation for incomplete combustion of propane is: 2 C3H8 + 9 O2 → 4 CO2 + 2 CO + 8 H2O + Heat. If not enough oxygen is present for complete combustion, incomplete combustion occurs. The result of incomplete combustion is, once again, water vapour, carbon dioxide and heat.
The state of chemical equilibrium occurs when the concentrations of _____.
all reactants and all products remain constant
products is less than the concentration of reactants
reactants is greater than the concentrations of products
The state of chemical equilibrium occurs when the concentrations of all reactants and all products remain constant.
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state at which the concentration of reactants and products does not change with time. The forward reaction and the backward reaction happen simultaneously, so the reaction stops when the forward rate is equal to the backward rate. At this point, the amounts of the reactants and products do not change any further. The concentration of reactants and products at chemical equilibrium is not fixed, but rather dynamic. However, the ratio of products to reactants is always constant.
If there is no chemical equilibrium, it indicates that the concentration of either the reactants or the products would be changing with time. Chemical equilibrium, on the other hand, is a balance between the forward and backward reactions. The concentrations of reactants and products in the reaction are consistent and will not change with time.
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H2O2–> H2O+O2 this is the question it’s balancing equations 8th grade science
The balanced equation is [tex]2H_{2} O_{2}[/tex]–> [tex]2H_{2} O[/tex] +[tex]O_{2}[/tex]. This involves the spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen.
Spontaneous decomposition or chemical decomposition is defined as the process or effect of simplifying a single chemical entity into two or more fragments. It is is usually regarded and defined as the exact opposite of chemical synthesis.
This [tex]2H_{2} O_{2}[/tex]–> [tex]2H_{2} O[/tex] +[tex]O_{2}[/tex] reaction is of the spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen. here add 2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide and 2 molecules of water. Because of the oxygen is naturally diatomic the total number of atoms of each element is now the same on both sides of the equation so it is balanced equation. This decomposition reaction is one of the exceptions to the endothermic nature of decomposition reactions.
The chemical reaction usually need some driving force to make them spontaneous. In this reaction of hydrogen peroxide, becoming water and oxygen, the driving force is energy in the form of electricity.
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The correct question is,
How would you balance the following equation:
[tex]H_{2} O_{2}[/tex]–> [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] +[tex]O_{2}[/tex]
a saturated hydrocarbon has the maximum amount of hydrogens attached to the carbon skeleton. group of answer choices true false
True, a saturated hydrocarbon has the maximum amount of hydrogens attached to the carbon skeleton.
What is a hydrocarbon?Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that are made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They may be composed of chains of various lengths, rings of various sizes, or a combination of both. The simplest hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8), are gaseous at room temperature, whereas larger hydrocarbons are liquids, such as hexane (C6H14), or solids, such as hexadecane (C16H34).
Unsaturated hydrocarbons have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds in their structures, indicating that they are not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms. These hydrocarbons are commonly referred to as alkenes or alkynes, respectively. Alkenes have one double bond, whereas alkynes have one triple bond.
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A gas takes up a volume of 17L, has a pressure of 2. 3atm, and a temperature of 299K. If I raise the temperature to 350K and lower the pressure to 1. 5atm, what is the new volume of the gas?
The new volume of the gas is approximately 29.5 L when the temperature is raised to 350K and the pressure is lowered to 1.5 atm.
To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states that,
(P1 × V1) / T1 = (P2 × V2) / T2
where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively.
We can plug in the given values to get,
(2.3 atm × 17 L) / 299 K = (1.5 atm × V2) / 350 K
Solving for V2,
V2 = (2.3 atm × 17 L × 350 K) / (1.5 atm × 299 K)
V2 = 29.5 L
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when aqueous solutions of fecl3 and (nh4)2s are mixed a solid precipitate forms. what is the correct formula for the precipitate?
The correct formula for the precipitate formed when aqueous solutions of [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] and [tex](NH_{4})2S[/tex] are mixed is [tex]Fe_{2}S_{3}[/tex].
What is a precipitate?А precipitаte is аn insoluble solid thаt forms from а chemicаl reаction in а solution. It hаppens when two solutions thаt contаin soluble sаlts аre mixed, аnd а new insoluble sаlt is formed. In this cаse, when аqueous solutions of [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] аnd [tex](NH_{4})2S[/tex] аre mixed, а solid precipitаte forms.
To determine the correct formulа for the precipitаte, we need to consider the reаction thаt tаkes plаce during mixing. Aqueous solutions of [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] and [tex](NH_{4})2S[/tex] react to form [tex]Fe_{2}S_{3}[/tex] (Iron(III) sulfide) and [tex]6NH_{4}Cl[/tex] (Ammonium chloride) as shown below:
[tex]Fe_{2}S_{3}[/tex] (aq) + 3 [tex](NH_{4})2S[/tex] (aq) → [tex](NH_{4})2S[/tex] (s) + [tex]6NH_{4}Cl[/tex] (aq)
So the correct formula for the precipitate formed is [tex]Fe_{2}S_{3}[/tex].
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what is the stoichiometric factor, that is the number of moles, of n a 2 s 2 o 3 x 2 sx 2 ox 3 reacting with one mole of kio3 kio3 ?
The stoichiometric factor is 6:1 that is 6 moles of [tex]Na_2S_2O_3[/tex] reacts with one mole of [tex]KIO_3[/tex]
The stoichiometric factor is a factor that shows the number of moles of a reactant or product that takes part in the chemical reaction. The balanced chemical equation provides the ratio of the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.
It is used to determine the stoichiometric factor which is the number of moles of a compound in a balanced equation.
The balanced equation for the given reaction is:
[tex]Na_2S_2O_3 + 2KIO_3 + H_2O \rightarrow I_2 + 2NaHSO_4 + 2KHSO_4[/tex]
First, write the balanced equation of the reaction between
[tex]Na_2S_2O_3 \times 2H_2O\ and\ KIO_3.KIO_3 + 6Na_2S_2O_3 + 9H_2O \rightarrow 3I_2 + 6Na_2SO_4 + 9H_2SO_4[/tex]
So, the stoichiometric factor, that is the number of moles, of [tex]Na_2S_2O_3\times 2H_2O[/tex] reacting with one mole of [tex]KIO_3[/tex] is 6 moles.
Therefore, 6 moles of [tex]Na_2S_2O_3\times 2H_2O[/tex] are needed to react with one mole of [tex]KIO_3[/tex].
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what is the ph of a 0.20 m acetic acid solution? hint: the ka of acetic acid, ch3cooh, is 1.8 x 10-5.
The pH of a 0.20 M acetic acid solution is 2.72.
The pH of a 0.20 M acetic acid solution can be calculated using the Ka of acetic acid, CH3COOH, which is 1.8 x 10-5.
We will use the equation for the dissociation of acetic acid to calculate the pH of the solution.
CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)
The equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of acetic acid is given by
Ka = [H3O+][CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH].
Since we know the value of Ka and the initial concentration of acetic acid, we can solve for
the concentration of H3O+.Ka = [H3O+][CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH]
1.8 x 10-5 = [H3O+]2 / 0.20[H3O+]2 = 3.6 x 10-6[H3O+] = 1.9 x 10-3 M
The pH of the solution can then be calculated as:
pH = -log[H3O+]pH = -log(1.9 x 10-3)
pH = 2.72
Therefore, the pH of a 0.20 M acetic acid solution is 2.72.
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give a summary of your results for the hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides. in your own words, explain why you saw these results.
Explanation :
Summary of the results for hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides:
The hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides leads to the breakdown of these molecules into their constituent monosaccharide units.
Carbohydrates that may be hydrolyzed into two identical or dissimilar monosaccharides when exposed to acids or enzymes are called disaccharides. The two monosaccharides are joined by an oxydative bond, which is generated when the water molecule is removed.
The polysaccharides are first hydrolyzed into disaccharides and later broken down to monosaccharides.
Disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides through hydrolysis, while polysaccharides are first hydrolyzed to disaccharides before being broken down to monosaccharides.
Explanation of why the results were observed:
The reason for this is due to the fact that disaccharides and polysaccharides are both types of carbohydrates, which are a source of energy for the body.
They are broken down by hydrolysis, which is the process of breaking a chemical bond by adding water.
Therefore, the hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides releases the energy stored in these molecules, allowing it to be used by the body.
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At standard pressure, which substance becomes less soluble in water as temperature increases from 10.°C to 80.°C?
a. KCl
b. HCl
c. NaCl
d. NH4Cl
At standard pressure, which substance becomes less soluble in water as temperature increases from 10.°C to 80.°C is : d. NH4Cl
What happens to solubility with temperature?Solubility of substance increases with temperature, as higher temperatures allow more particles to dissolve in solvent. However, there are some exceptions, where solubility decreases with increasing temperature.
In this case, we are looking for substance that becomes less soluble in water as temperature increases from 10°C to 80°C at standard pressure.
The correct answer is d. NH4Cl.
At standard pressure, solubility of NH4Cl decreases with increasing temperature due to its endothermic dissolution process. As temperature increases, heat absorbed by the solution also increases, which makes dissolution process less favorable. Therefore, solubility of NH4Cl decreases with increasing temperature.
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the sodium atom loses 1 electrons when it reacts with something. the electron configuration of the sodium ion is the same as the electron configuration of
The sodium atom loses 1 electron when it reacts with something. The electron configuration of the sodium ion is the same as the electron configuration of the noble gas neon.
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
The electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom are arranged in shells, which are concentric circles around the nucleus, in what is known as the electron configuration. Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom or molecule in its ground state.
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11.
Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is extremely reactive.
Sodium readily loses one electron to form a positively charged ion, and it is this characteristic that makes it an important component of many compounds.
In a neutral atom, a sodium atom has eleven electrons, with the electron configuration being 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹.
When a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a positively charged sodium ion with a 1+ charge.
When a sodium atom loses an electron, the electron configuration of the sodium ion is the same as that of the noble gas neon. Therefore, the electron configuration of a sodium ion is 1s²2s²2p⁶.
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calculate the ultimate bod of a waste that has a measured 5-day bod of 20 mg/l, assuming a bod rate coefficient of 0.15/day.
The Ultimate BOD ( Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the waste is 81.3 mg/L when the 5-day BOD is 20 mg/L and the BOD rate coefficient is 0.15/day.
The Ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as he quantity of oxygen required to stabilize or,
eliminate biodegradable organic matter in wastewater by the action of aerobic microorganisms under controlled laboratory conditions at a specified temperature over a period of time.
The 5-day BOD is measured by calculating the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms over a period of five days.
The Ultimate BOD of a waste can be determined by knowing the 5-day BOD and BOD rate coefficient. The following formula is used to determine the Ultimate BOD:
Ultimate BOD = 5-day BOD × [(e^(k×t))-1] / e^(k×t)Where k is the BOD rate coefficient and t is the time required to reach the Ultimate BOD.
The Ultimate BOD of the waste as follows: 5-day BOD = 20 mg/L k = 0.15/day t = ? Ultimate BOD = 5-day BOD × [(e^(k×t))-1] / e^(k×t) Ultimate BOD = 20 × [(e^(0.15×t))-1] / e^(0.15×t)
The Ultimate BOD is reached after 20 days. Ultimate BOD = 20 × [(e^(0.15×20))-1] / e^(0.15×20) Ultimate BOD = 81.3 mg/L
Therefore, the Ultimate BOD of the waste is 81.3 mg/L when the 5-day BOD is 20 mg/L and the BOD rate coefficient is 0.15/day. The coefficient is the numerical multiplier of a variable or quantity that follows a term or a factor.
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what do you think will happen to the solution volume inside the dialysis tubing (b) according to the above picture? why?
The solution volume inside the dialysis tubing will decrease because the tubing is semi-permeable.
Diаlysis tubing is а selectively permeаble membrаne becаuse it hаs pores thаt limit the size of molecules thаt cаn pаss through it. Stаrch molecules аre too lаrge to pаss through аnd will stаy on the side where they were originаlly plаced. Glucose, iodine, аnd wаter molecules аre smаll enough to fit through the pores. If there is а concentrаtion grаdient of glucose or iodine then these molecules cаn diffuse down their grаdients
This means that only small molecules such as water, glucose, and oxygen can pass through the membrane, while larger molecules such as salts, proteins, and blood cells cannot pass through the membrane. As a result, the solution inside the dialysis tubing will become more concentrated.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question can be seen in the Attachment.
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which would be an invalid listing within an electron configuration? select the correct answer below: 6s1 4f13 4p5 2d5
A valid electronic configuration should be written as: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s².
An electron configuration is used to show the distribution of electrons among the orbitals of an atom in its ground state, and it is written in the order of increasing energy of the orbitals.
Let's now figure out which of the following is an incorrect electron configuration.
2d5 is not a possible electron configuration according to the rules of electron configuration.
However, it is incorrect because, in the modern periodic table, the d orbital comes after the s orbital, so it should be written as: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s².
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What type of radiation would have a wavelength of 10 -2 m?
A wavelength of [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] meters corresponds to a frequency of about 3 × [tex]10^{14}[/tex] Hz, which places it in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Therefore, the type of radiation that would have a wavelength of [tex]10^{-2}[/tex]meters is a microwave radiation. Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a longer wavelength than visible light but shorter than radio waves. They are commonly used in communication, heating, and cooking applications. In particular, microwave radiation is used in microwave ovens to heat food by causing water molecules to vibrate, which generates heat. Additionally, microwave radiation is used in telecommunications, such as mobile phones and satellite communications.
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calculate the osmotic pressure (in atm) at 17.4 degrees c of a solution made by dissolving 7.19 g of glucose in 18.9 ml of solution.
The osmotic pressure of a solution made by dissolving 7.19 g of glucose in 18.9 ml of solution at 17.4°C can be calculated using the formula: Osmotic Pressure (atm) = Molarity (M) × Gas Constant (R) × Temperature (T).
Molarity = (Mass of Solute/ Molar Mass of Solute) / Volume of Solution
= (7.19 g / 180.2 g/mol) / 18.9 ml
= 0.3999 M
Gas Constant (R) = 0.08206 liter atm/mol K
Temperature (T) = 17.4°C + 273.15 = 290.55 K
Therefore, Osmotic Pressure (atm) = 0.3999 M × 0.08206 liter atm/mol K × 290.55 K
= 0.983 atm
The osmotic pressure of a solution is the hydrostatic pressure required to balance the osmotic pressure of a solution. This is determined by the concentration of the solute molecules, temperature, and the properties of the solvent. The osmotic pressure of a solution can be used to determine the boiling point, vapor pressure, and vapor pressure of a solution. Additionally, it is important for the transport of substances across biological membranes, as well as for the stability of colloidal suspensions.
In summary, the osmotic pressure (in atm) of a solution made by dissolving 7.19 g of glucose in 18.9 ml of solution at 17.4°C can be calculated using the formula: Osmotic Pressure (atm) = Molarity (M) × Gas Constant (R) × Temperature (T), and is equal to 0.983 atm.
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a certain reaction has an enthalpy of -85.0 kj/mol and an entropy of -96.0 j/k*mol. under what temperature conditions will the reaction be spontaneous?
The reaction will be spontaneous at temperatures above 885.4 K.
The spontaneity of the reaction can be determined by calculating ΔG for the reaction and then comparing it to the standard free energy change (ΔG°) at the same temperature.
If ΔG is negative, the reaction will be spontaneous. If ΔG is positive, the reaction will be non-spontaneous.The formula for calculating ΔG is: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Where;
ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy,
ΔH is the change in enthalpy, ΔS is the change in entropy, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Here we have the values;
ΔH = -85.0 kJ/mol
ΔS = -96.0 J/K*mol= -0.096 kJ/K*mol
T =?
Substituting these values into the equation:
ΔG = -85.0 kJ/mol - T(-0.096 kJ/K*mol)
= -85.0 kJ/mol + 0.096 kJ/mol*T
To determine the temperature at which the reaction will be spontaneous, we need to find the temperature at which ΔG is equal to zero. So, we can set the equation equal to zero and solve for T.
0 = -85.0 kJ/mol + 0.096 kJ/mol*T = 885.4 K
So, At temperatures above 885.4 K reaction will become spontaneous.
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suppose the inlet stream contains 10 mol 10 mol ch4 ch 4 , along with excess oxygen, and the product stream contains 2 mol 2 mol ch4 ch 4 , 2 mol 2 mol co co , 6 mol co2 co 2 , and 16 mol h2o 16 mol h 2 o . what is the selectivity of co2 co 2 relative to co co in this reaction?
The selectivity of CO2 relative to CO in this reaction is 300 %. This means that for every 2 mol of CO produced, 6 mol of CO2 is also produced.
Selectivity is a measure of the extent of conversion of one reactant (or product) to another in a chemical reaction.
In this case, we want to calculate the selectivity of CO2 relative to CO, given the initial and final moles of CH4, CO, CO2 and H2O.
The initial and final moles of each substance can be expressed as follows:
Initial: CH4: 10 mol, CO: 0 mol, CO2: 0 mol, H2O: 0 mol
Final: CH4: 2 mol, CO: 2 mol, CO2: 6 mol, H2O: 16 mol
The selectivity of CO2 relative to CO, we first need to calculate the number of moles of CO2 and CO produced. This can be done by subtracting the initial moles from the final moles:
CO2 produced: 6 mol - 0 mol = 6 mol
CO produced: 2 mol - 0 mol = 2 mol
Now, the selectivity of CO2 relative to CO can be calculated as follows:
Selectivity of CO2 = (CO2 produced / CO produced) x 100
= (6 mol / 2 mol) x 100
= 300 %
Therefore, the selectivity of CO2 relative to CO in this reaction is 300 %. This means that for every 2 mol of CO produced, 6 mol of CO2 is also produced.
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