gottfredson and hirschi articulated their general theory of crime based on the notion that individual criminality is the result of .

A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a conditioned stimulus (CS). Conditioned stimuli are the stimulus that a person or organism has learned to associate with a particular response.

This is due to the conditioning process, which involves associating the stimulus with a response through repeated exposure to the stimuli paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioning is used to produce desired responses, such as in classical conditioning where an animal or person associates a response with a previously neutral stimulus. This conditioning process is accomplished by pairing a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Overall, a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned stimuli are a useful tool for understanding many psychological phenomena, and can help people better understand their own behavior and reactions.

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The practice of trying to manage ways of preventing conception for centuries is called contraception. Contraception, often known as birth control, refers to any technique, medication, or device used to prevent pregnancy.

There are a variety of options for preventing unintended pregnancy, including hormonal contraception, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and sterilization. Contraception has been in use for hundreds of years, and it has a significant impact on women's lives. Contraception is defined as any approach or device used to prevent pregnancy in individuals.

Contraception is frequently referred to as birth control, family planning, fertility control, or contraception. It includes hormonal, behavioral, and barrier approaches, as well as surgical methods. In the process of contraception, a man's sperm and a woman's egg are prevented from coming into touch, preventing conception.

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Tomas' room is dark, so it is difficult to see the actual color of his shirt.

This is because light is required to see the true colors of objects. Objects emit light or reflect light that enters the eye. In the dark, however, light is not able to enter the eye. Therefore, objects appear darker because they are not illuminated. As a result, the shirt appears to be dark gray, although it is actually red. To see the true color of the shirt, Tomas must turn on the light in his room or go into a brighter area.

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Human behaviour can be explained in terms of a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal model in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behaviour continually interact. This model can be readily applied to counselling interventions for disease prevention and management. It began as the social learning theory.

Albert Bandura developed the social learning theory, which suggests that humans learn from one another through observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory proposes that a person's learning is influenced by the people around them, the environment they are in, and their personal characteristics. The social learning theory is based on three key concepts: observation, imitation, and modelling. The theory suggests that individuals learn through observing others' behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour. The behaviour that is observed is then imitated or modelled by the observer, who may modify the behaviour based on their personal characteristics and the environment they are in.

How can the social learning theory be applied to counselling interventions for disease prevention and management?

Counselling interventions for disease prevention and management can be based on the social learning theory. A counsellor can help an individual identify the personal factors and environmental influences that are affecting their behaviour. They can then work with the individual to modify their behaviour by introducing new models or modifying existing ones. The counsellor can also help the individual develop new skills and behaviours that are more appropriate for their personal characteristics and the environment they are in. By using the social learning theory, a counsellor can help an individual learn new behaviours that will help them prevent or manage disease.

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Pressure from parents for their children to marry can have varying impacts on different individuals. However, it can be quite overwhelming for some. Yes, this can differ from culture to culture. For instance, In India, marriage is viewed as a very important milestone in one's life, and parents generally expect their children to get married at a certain age.

To an extent, this is the case with several cultures, but the extent to which this pressure is felt can vary. Furthermore, parental pressure for children to marry is not always solely a cultural concern; it can also be influenced by economic and social factors.

For instance, if parents come from a low-income household, they may see marriage as a way for their children to improve their financial status. In certain communities, marriage is seen as a method of consolidating resources or increasing wealth by marrying someone from a wealthy family.

Similarly, in more patriarchal societies, getting married can provide a girl with financial and social protection. Pressure from parents to marry can have both positive and negative consequences. While some people may feel compelled to marry and may choose to do so as a result of their parents' expectations, others may feel trapped or uncomfortable with the prospect of marriage.

Some parents may be willing to accept their children's choices and offer support, while others may be less flexible and even refuse to accept a child's decision not to marry. In conclusion, parental pressure to marry can have a significant impact on an individual's life, but it can differ significantly based on cultural norms, economic conditions, and social expectations.

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 Yes, i recommend them to "If you want to increase the sample size for interviews or a survey, " you could consider sending out invitations to more people or extending the timeframe of the project.

Recruitment methods refer to the means by which an organization reaches or approaches the potential job seekers. In other words, they are ways of establishing contacts with potential candidates for a job.

A survey consists of a predetermined set of questions that is given to a sample. With a representative sample, that is, one that is representative of the larger population of interest, one can describe the attitudes of the population from which the sample was drawn.

You could also use a variety of recruitment techniques, such as incentivized recruiting, to reach more people.

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Showing false sympathy, making untrue claims about evidence, and overstating the value of lie-detecting technology are common examples of deception.

Deception is a form of manipulation and dishonesty that occurs when people intentionally present information in a misleading or false way to achieve their objectives. False sympathy, making untrue claims about evidence, and overstating the value of lie-detecting technology are all common examples of deception. They are used to manipulate the recipient into believing something that is not true, often to the advantage of the person doing the deceiving.

Therefore, the correct option is Deception. Deception is a form of dishonesty and manipulation that involves the intentional presentation of information in a misleading or false manner to achieve a particular goal. It can be used in a variety of contexts, including interpersonal relationships, advertising, politics, and the criminal justice system. Examples of deception include lying, exaggerating, and misleading people by using words that are technically true but that are likely to mislead people.

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Answer: B. The counterclaim shows how the opposing opinion is incorrect.

Explanation: A counterclaim in an argumentative essay helps support the writer's position by addressing and refuting opposing viewpoints, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the issue, strengthening the argument, and establishing credibility.

A counterclaim helps support the writer's position by demonstrating an awareness of alternative viewpoints and potential objections that readers may have. This shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to address them.

In addition, the writer can then refute the counterclaim by providing evidence and reasoning that supports their original position.  This process strengthens the writer's argument by showing that they have thoroughly evaluated and considered alternative viewpoints and have valid reasons for supporting their own position.

Finally, a counterclaim helps the writer by demonstrating fairness and credibility.  By addressing opposing viewpoints, the writer displays fairness and credibility. It shows that they have taken the time to consider different perspectives and are open to engaging in a balanced and informed discussion.

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A type ofbehaviourr known as Servant Leadership is used when a leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status.

Servant Leadership is an approach to leadership where the leader puts the needs of their followers first and seeks to understand their wants and needs. The leader acts in a way that shows they care about their followers and are working to improve their well-being.

Servant Leadership encourages collaboration between leaders and followers, and fosters a culture of respect and support.

Servant Leadership encourages leaders to create an environment where followers feel valued and their opinions are taken seriously. It emphasizes the importance of listening to others and giving them the chance to have their say.

It also allows leaders to learn from their followers and build a deeper understanding of their thoughts, needs, and concerns. Leaders should show empathy and understanding towards their followers and take their perspectives into account when making decisions.

Servant Leadership also stresses the importance of building relationships and trust between the leader and their followers. This type of behavior helps leaders to understand their followers better and create an atmosphere of mutual respect and appreciation. Leaders should seek to inspire and empower their followers, and foster a culture of growth and development.

In conclusion, Servant Leadership is an approach to leadership which emphasizes the importance of expressing concern for the well-being and social status of followers. It encourages collaboration, respect, and trust between leaders and followers, and allows leaders to better understand their followers’ needs and opinions.

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Aristotle's argument that the presence of elephants in both Morocco and India suggests that the two places must not be far apart is flawed because it assumes that elephants cannot travel long distances.

In reality, elephants are capable of traveling long distances over a wide range of terrain, including mountains, deserts, and rivers. Therefore, the presence of elephants in two distant locations does not necessarily indicate that those locations are close to each other.

Furthermore, Aristotle's argument is based on limited and potentially unreliable information, as he may not have had access to accurate maps or complete information about the geography and natural habitats of elephants.

His argument also overlooks the fact that elephants may have been transported or traded over long distances, which would have allowed them to reach distant locations even if they are not native to those areas.

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According to a 2019 One Poll study, the average adult spends approximately $188 per month on non-essential items.

A poll study is a type of survey that is conducted in order to gather data on a particular issue or topic. This type of study is typically conducted by a polling organization or research firm, and it usually involves asking a sample of individuals questions about their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in order to gain insight into a particular issue or topic.

Non-essential items are things that are not necessary for day-to-day living, such as luxury goods or entertainment items. These items are often purchased for enjoyment or personal satisfaction, rather than for practical purposes.

According to the One Poll study, the average adult spends approximately $188 per month on non-essential items. This amount may vary depending on individual income, spending habits, and lifestyle choices.

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According to Erikson, the confusion Brenda has about her values and what she wants in life suggests that she is struggling with the issue of Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Individuals who are in the age range of 12-18 years experience Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. Adolescents want to have a sense of belongingness and identity. Brenda has an uncertain sense of self because she is struggling to understand her values and what she wants in life.However, adolescents tend to form a stronger identity when they have healthy self-esteem and are given enough opportunities to experiment with their identities. In this case, Brenda questions her parents' values and does not fully accept her friends' standards, which means that she is yet to find her identity.Therefore, Brenda is struggling with the issue of Identity vs. Role Confusion, which is the fifth stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

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Sarah can politely ask the person next to her to stop chewing gum as it is interfering with her ability to focus on the lecture material for an exam.

Sarah has a few options for handling the predicament. She can start by using earplugs or noise-cancelling headphones to try and shut out the din. She can urge the individual sitting next to her to cease chewing gum or do so more quietly if that is not feasible or effective.

She might say, "Excuse me, but the sound of the chewing is distracting. Would it be okay if you chewed less loudly or not at all? She can talk to the instructor or professor to see if they can step in and assist find a solution if the individual is unresponsive or the situation continues.

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The active reading strategy that involves underlining, highlighting, or annotating as you read is known as annotative reading. Annotative reading is a great way to engage with a text and focus on the important details. This strategy helps readers to better understand and remember what they read, as well as make connections between the main points of the text.

When annotative reading, the reader takes notes, marks important passages, and asks questions as they read. By underlining or highlighting key words or phrases, readers can identify the main ideas in the text, as well as other points that the author is making. They can also draw connections between ideas and analyze the text further. Annotative reading also allows readers to monitor their own understanding and see how well they are comprehending the text.

Annotative reading can also involve asking questions about the text. As readers come across unfamiliar or complex concepts, they should stop and ask themselves questions about what they are reading. This will help them to better comprehend the text, as well as make connections between the concepts.

Overall, annotative reading is a great strategy for readers to engage with a text and analyze it more deeply. By taking notes, asking questions, and highlighting key words and phrases, readers can better understand and remember the material.

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This type of culture where all of the village members have equal status in their community is known as a collective culture.

A collective culture is characterized by the concept of group collaboration and mutual aid, with all members of the community having equal status and responsibilities.

In this type of culture, people work together to meet the needs of the community, such as sharing food, providing services, and participating in decision-making. This type of culture emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility and social responsibility.

Collective cultures may also have certain beliefs or values that all members adhere to, such as a belief in equality and shared resources. In collective cultures, social stratification is typically absent and members are expected to put the collective needs of the community before their individual needs.

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According to the 2012 updated ASCCP consensus guidelines, women with ASC-H (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) should be managed by colposcopy and directed biopsy.

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix through the use of a lighted microscope and helps the doctor identify abnormal cells. Directed biopsy is a procedure where a sample of tissue is taken from the cervix and is sent for analysis. If the biopsy indicates high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or cancer, the patient will be referred to a specialist for further evaluation and treatment.

Women with ASC-H should also have an HPV test done to determine if they are at risk for HPV-related diseases. The ASCCP consensus guidelines recommend repeat Pap smears at 6 and 12 months after the initial diagnosis to ensure that any changes are detected in a timely manner.

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Mental incompetence is the type of lack of capacity that is easiest to prove, as it can be determined through medical records, psychological evaluation, or through the testimony of witnesses.

The type of lack of capacity that is easiest to prove is mental incompetence. Mental incompetence is the inability of a person to understand the nature and consequences of their actions due to a mental disorder or disability. This can be determined through medical records, psychological evaluation, or through the testimony of witnesses.

Minor status is another form of lack of capacity, as a minor (under the age of 18) is considered to not have the capacity to enter into binding contracts. This can be determined by looking at official documents, such as a birth certificate, that indicate the age of the minor.

Contracting for necessities can also be considered a form of lack of capacity. Necessities can include items such as food, shelter, clothing, and medical care. The ability to understand the nature and consequences of the contract must be proven in order for the contract to be considered valid.

Intoxication is another form of lack of capacity, as it impairs a person’s judgement and decision-making abilities. To prove intoxication, a witness must provide testimony or video evidence to demonstrate the intoxicated state of the person in question.

In conclusion, mental incompetence is the type of lack of capacity that is easiest to prove, as it can be determined through medical records, psychological evaluation, or through the testimony of witnesses. Minor status, contracting for necessities, and intoxication can also be forms of lack of capacity, though they may require additional evidence.

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An organizational hero is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing. The correct option is C.

An organizational hero is a person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values and whose accomplishments are presented to inspire other employees to do the right thing. An organizational hero is a role model who sets the right example and works tirelessly to improve the company's culture, values, and environment. Organizational heroes are influential because they embody the values of the organization and demonstrate how employees can be successful by adhering to the values of the company.

Norms are informal rules that govern the behavior of individuals within a community. Heroes are people who are admired for their achievements or qualities, and symbols are representations of something that is significant or representative of a culture. In essence, an organizational hero is someone who has become a symbol of an organization's values by embodying them in his or her accomplishments.

For example, Steve Jobs is an organizational hero for Apple, as his accomplishments embody the company's values of innovation, creativity, and pushing the boundaries of technology. An organizational hero is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing. Therefore, the correct option is C.

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An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a peak experience.

Peak experiences were first introduced by Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, who believed that people have a natural inclination towards self-actualization, which is the process of realizing one's full potential.

According to Maslow, peak experiences are moments when individuals feel fully alive, engaged, and connected to the world around them.

Peak experiences are characterized by a sense of unity with nature, other people, or a higher power, a feeling of transcendence or awe, a loss of self-consciousness, and an enhanced sense of well-being.

These experiences can occur in a variety of contexts, such as during creative endeavors, spiritual practices, or even in everyday activities such as playing sports or spending time with loved ones.

Research has shown that peak experiences can have a profound impact on an individual's life. They can increase creativity, enhance problem-solving abilities, improve overall well-being, and promote personal growth and development.

Additionally, people who have more frequent peak experiences tend to report higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness.

In summary, a peak experience is an intense and meaningful experience that produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment. These experiences are an important aspect of personal growth and can have a positive impact on various aspects of one's life.

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It is estimated that more than 80% of the 70 million people served by the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) live in developing countries. This means that these countries are generally poorer and have less access to resources, as well as fewer opportunities to improve the situation of the Deaf community.

The authorities in these countries are rarely familiar with the needs and desires of the Deaf community, leading to a lack of support and understanding.

This can result in lower education levels, fewer employment opportunities, and limited access to healthcare and other essential services. The WFD works to improve the situation of Deaf people in developing countries by promoting understanding, advocating for their rights, and providing resources and support.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

declare a global war on terror and send u.s troops to Afghanistan

Mentor leaders should react when someone under their leadership blatantly disregards their authority or is disrespectful by addressing the behavior and taking appropriate actions.

What should mentor leaders do when someone under their leadership blatantly disregards their authority or is disrespectful?

Leadership mentors should handle cases of disrespect or disobedience with great care. They should investigate why someone is behaving in a disrespectful manner toward them and make sure that it is not due to any misunderstandings or confusion on the part of the individual.

If the behavior is not based on misunderstandings, mentor leaders should take appropriate measures to deal with it. Some of the steps that they can take include:

Communicate: Mentor leaders should engage in open communication with their subordinates, listen to their concerns, and provide guidance and feedback.

They should also emphasize the importance of respecting authority and following established protocols. They should explain that disrespect or insubordination will not be tolerated.

Inform: Mentor leaders should make their expectations clear from the start. They should outline the standards that they expect their subordinates to adhere to and the consequences of violating them. This will help to reduce the likelihood of insubordination from occurring in the first place.

Take action: Mentor leaders should take appropriate action when a subordinate displays insubordinate behavior. They should document the behavior and discuss it with the individual. If the behavior continues, they should consider disciplinary action, which may include suspension or termination.

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Campaigns against homophobia can be conducted in various ways, some of which are more effective than others. Here are two ways that such a campaign could be conducted to protect victims of homophobia are Education and Awareness Campaigns, Legal and Policy Reforms.

Education and Awareness Campaigns: Education and awareness campaigns are crucial in combating homophobia. Such campaigns aim to educate people about what homophobia is, why it is harmful, and how to recognize it. This can be done through workshops, posters, videos, and other materials that promote understanding and acceptance of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.

Legal and Policy Reforms: Another way to combat homophobia is through legal and policy reforms. Laws and policies that promote equality and prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity can help protect victims of homophobia.

One way to protect victims of homophobia through education and awareness campaigns is to create safe spaces where victims can seek help and support. This could involve creating support groups, helplines, or online communities where victims can share their experiences and receive advice and assistance.

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When you get your new bank card, you have to make up a new pin, but every time you try to withdraw money. You can only remember the old pin. The best explanation for combination of remembering and forgetting is interference.

Interference is the process of forgetting old information or memories due to the acquisition of new information or memories. There are two types of interference: retroactive interference and proactive interference. Retroactive interference is when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall old information. Proactive interference is when old information interferes with the ability to learn new information.

In the given scenario, the student had memorized the old pin for their bank card and stored it on their phone. However, due to the theft of their backpack, they had to make up a new pin for their new bank card. Even though they tried to remember the new pin, the old pin kept interfering with their ability to recall the new pin.

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Predictive validity is the type of validity that examines how well a test outcome is consistent with a criterion that occurs in the future.  It is used to determine future performance . The correct answer is option D


To establish predictive validity, researchers typically examine the correlation between test scores and future criterion measures. If the correlation is strong and statistically significant, it suggests that the test has good predictive validity.  

It is essential to recognize that predictive validity is not the only type of validity to consider when evaluating a test. Content validity is also important aspects to ensure that a test measures what it is intended to measure and provides consistent results over time.

By ensuring that a test has strong predictive validity, as well as other forms of validity, decision-makers can be more confident in using the test results to inform their decisions and actions. Therefore The correct answer is option D.

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Answer:

True. In general, individuals who collaborate with others before making a final decision do think about problems in more complex ways than those who do not collaborate before reaching a decision.

Explanation:
When individuals collaborate, they engage in the following steps, which often lead to a deeper understanding of the problem:

1. Identifying the problem: This step involves recognizing the issue at hand and determining the desired outcome.

2. Sharing perspectives: Collaboration allows for different viewpoints to be considered, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.

3. Analyzing and evaluating ideas: When collaborating, individuals can discuss and analyze various ideas, helping them to evaluate their effectiveness and feasibility.

4. Synthesizing ideas: Collaborative decision-making often involves combining different ideas and perspectives to create a solution that is more complete and well-rounded.

5. Implementing and assessing the decision: Once a decision is made collaboratively, individuals can work together to implement the solution and assess its effectiveness, leading to further learning and development.

In contrast, individuals who do not collaborate before making decisions often miss out on the benefits of diverse perspectives and the deeper analysis that comes from engaging in these steps. As a result, their problem-solving and decision-making may be less nuanced and effective than those who engage in collaboration. Overall, collaboration encourages individuals to think about problems in more complex ways, leading to better decision-making outcomes.

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Answer:

a "true" psychopath has certain identifiable psychological, emotional, cognitive, and biological differences that distinguish him or her from the general or criminal population.

The description you give refers to the notion of mental or psychological disorder. A mental disorder is defined as a discernible set of psychological, interpersonal, and neurophysiologist characteristics.

Mental disorders can be caused by biological, psychological, or social factors, and can manifest in a variety of ways, including:

Some common examples of mental disorders include:

It is important to note that the presence of distinctive psychological, interpersonal, or neurophysiological characteristics does not necessarily indicate the presence of a mental disorder. The differentiation between normal personality traits and mental disorders is based on the degree of distress and impairment the person experiences and the impact it has on their daily life.

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False: Humans have not been making a living in more or less the same way as we do today for the last several million years.

Explanation: The statement "true or false: humans have been making a living in more or less the same way as we do today, for the last several million years?" is false. Humans have not been making a living in more or less the same way as we do today for the last several million years.

Over the last several million years, human societies have undergone significant changes due to various factors such as technological advancements, climate change, and cultural evolution, among others. Human beings have been able to survive for millions of years by adapting to various changes that occurred over time. Early humans were hunters and gatherers who relied on hunting wild animals and gathering fruits, vegetables, and nuts to survive.

The agricultural revolution, which occurred about 10,000 years ago, brought significant changes to human societies. Humans began to domesticate animals and cultivate crops, leading to the rise of permanent settlements and the development of complex societies. The industrial revolution, which began in the 18th century, brought significant changes to human societies.

There were significant technological advancements in manufacturing, transportation, and communication. This led to significant changes in the way people lived and worked. Today, most people in developed countries work in a range of industries, such as service, manufacturing, and finance. In conclusion, humans have not been making a living in more or less the same way as we do today for the last several million years.

Over the last several million years, human societies have undergone significant changes due to various factors such as technological advancements, climate change, and cultural evolution, among others.

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personality difference, twins can also not like each other, this is rare but there are a few twins born that way.

Nancy's twins could have had different genetic backgrounds, meaning they could be either fraternal or identical twins.

Fraternal twins have different genetic backgrounds and share the same environment, while identical twins share the same genetic background. Depending on which type of twins Nancy has, this could account for the differences she notices.

Fraternal twins result from two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm, meaning they are no more genetically similar than any other siblings. On the other hand, identical twins result from a single fertilized egg splitting into two embryos, meaning they share the same genetic background.

Therefore, regardless of whether Nancy's twins are fraternal or identical, they could have had differences from birth that led to their different development and behavior, despite being raised in the same environment.

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Tanisha is using the coping technique of taking tennis lessons in order to address a self-discrepancy she has in the area of athleticism. Self-discrepancy is when a person's actual self does not match up to their ideal or desired self.

Self-discrepancy is a term used to describe the gap between a person's current abilities or characteristics and what they feel they should be like. In this case, Tanisha wants to become more athletic and is taking tennis lessons as a means of accomplishing this goal. Taking tennis lessons is an active strategy that Tanisha is using to help close this gap between her actual and desired self.

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