Answer: See below
Explanation:
Sodium (Na) - 1 electron on outer shell so would need to lose 1 electron for a full outer shell - making it a 1+ ion
Surfur (S) - 6 electrons on outer shell so would need to gain 2 electrons for a full outer shell - making it a 2- ion
Strontium (Sr) - 2 electrons on outer shell so would need to lose 2 electrons for a full outer shell - making it a 2+ ion
How many molecules of HCI are in 4.91 L of HCI acid at 25°C if the density equals 1.096 g/ml
To determine the number of HCl molecules in 4.91 L of HCl acid at 25°C, we can use the following steps:
Calculate the mass of the HCl acid in 4.91 L using its density.Convert the mass of HCl acid to the number of moles using its molar mass.Use Avogadro's number to convert the number of moles of HCl to the number of HCl molecules.Calculate the mass of the HCl acid in 4.91 L using its density:[tex]\qquad\sf {Density = \dfrac{mass}{volume}}[/tex]
[tex]\qquad\sf{mass = density \times volume}[/tex]
[tex]\qquad\sf{mass = 1.096 \: g/mL \times 4.91\: L = 5.38\: kg}[/tex]
Convert the mass of HCl acid to the number of moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol.
[tex]\sf{moles = \dfrac{mass}{ molar\: mass} = \dfrac{5.38\: kg}{36.46\: g/mol} = 147.6\: mol}[/tex]
Use Avogadro's number to convert the number of moles of HCl to the number of HCl molecules. Avogadro's number is [tex]6.02 \times 10^23[/tex] molecules/mol.
[tex]\sf number\: of\: HCl\: molecules = moles \times Avogadro's\: number[/tex]
[tex]\begin{aligned}\sf number\: of\: HCl\: molecules& =\sf 147.6 \: mol \times 6.02 \times 10^23\: molecules/mol \\& =\sf 8.88 \times 10^25\: molecules\end{aligned}[/tex]
Therefore, there are [tex]8.88 \times 10^25[/tex] HCl molecules in 4.91 L of HCl acid at 25°C, assuming the density of the acid is 1.096 g/mL.
[tex]\rule{200pt}{5pt}[/tex]
The acid should be handled with great care why?
Answer:
Acids are corrosive substances that can be dangerous if not handled properly. They have a pH level of less than 7, and can cause chemical burns, skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and other health hazards if they come into contact with human tissue. Here are some reasons why acids should be handled with great care:
Corrosive Properties: Acids have the ability to dissolve or corrode many materials, including metals, plastics, and organic compounds. This means that they can cause damage to equipment, clothing, and skin if not handled with care.
Toxicity: Some acids can be toxic if ingested or inhaled, and can cause severe health problems or even death. For example, hydrochloric acid, which is commonly used in industrial settings, can cause severe burns to the skin and respiratory system.
Reactivity: Acids can react with other chemicals to produce hazardous fumes or explosions. For example, when mixed with bleach, hydrochloric acid can produce chlorine gas, which can be deadly if inhaled.
Environmental Concerns: Acids can also have negative environmental impacts if not disposed of properly. They can contaminate waterways and harm aquatic life, and can contribute to air pollution if released into the atmosphere.
Therefore, it is important to handle acids with great care and to follow proper safety procedures when working with them to avoid any negative health, safety, or environmental consequences.
Hydrogen (10 points)
14. What does using hydrogen as a fuel source mean? How is it combined to create an energy source?
15. Explain where hydrogen is found. What are sources of hydrogen found on Earth?
16. Name and explain 3 advantages/disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source and how it compares to using fossil fuels and other alternative energies (specifically include environmental issues that can happen.
17. What is a fuel cell? How does it work? (include diagram)
Solar Power (10 points)
18. What is a good definition of solar energy?
19. How does a solar cell make electricity? What is it made of?
20. Name and explain 3 advantages/disadvantages about solar energy to heat or produce electricity compared to using fossil fuels or other alternatives (specifically include environmental issues that can happen.
21. Find an example of solar energy being used in the U.S.?
An example of solar energy being used in the U.S is in the heating of swimming pools, and powering of cabins in off grid regions.
Hydrogen and Solar Energy14. Using hydrogen as a fuel source involves using it as a primary energy carrier to power vehicles or generate electricity. It can be combined with oxygen to create water, producing energy in the process. The process of using hydrogen as a fuel source is known as hydrogen fuel cell technology, which involves the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy.
15. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe but is rarely found in its pure form on Earth. It is usually found in combination with other elements such as oxygen in water, carbon in hydrocarbons, and nitrogen in ammonia. Hydrogen can be extracted from water, natural gas, coal, and biomass through various methods such as steam-methane reforming, electrolysis, and biomass gasification.
16. Advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source include:
It is a clean energy source that produces no greenhouse gases or air pollutants when burned, emitting only water vapor and heat.It is highly efficient, with a higher energy density than fossil fuels, making it a potent source of energy for transportation and electricity generation.It can be produced from a wide variety of domestic and renewable sources, reducing reliance on imported oil and promoting energy independence.Disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source include:
It is expensive to produce, store, and transport, making it less cost-effective than fossil fuels and other alternative energies.It requires a lot of energy to produce, mainly from fossil fuels, which defeats the purpose of using it as a clean energy source.The infrastructure for hydrogen fuel cell technology is not yet well established, limiting its widespread adoption and use.17. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. It consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, with the hydrogen fuel entering the anode and the oxygen entering the cathode. The hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons, with the protons passing through the electrolyte and the electrons flowing through an external circuit, generating electricity. The oxygen combines with the protons and electrons at the cathode, producing water as the only byproduct.
18. Solar energy is a form of renewable energy that is derived from the sun's radiation. It is harnessed through various technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal systems, and concentrated solar power to generate electricity, heat water, and power homes and businesses.
19. A solar cell is a semiconductor device that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is made of a thin layer of a semiconductor material such as silicon that is treated with impurities to create a p-n junction. When sunlight strikes the cell, it creates an electric field that separates the positively charged holes and negatively charged electrons, generating an electric current.
20. Advantages of using solar energy include:
It is a clean and renewable energy source that produces no greenhouse gases or air pollutants when used.It is becoming more cost-effective, with the cost of solar panels decreasing over time and becoming more efficient.It can be installed on rooftops or in remote areas, reducing the need for extensive power lines and infrastructure.Disadvantages of using solar energy include:
It is dependent on sunlight and may not be available at all times, requiring energy storage or backup systems.It requires large surface areas to generate significant amounts of electricity, making it unsuitable for densely populated urban areas.The production of solar panels requires toxic chemicals and materials that can harm the environment if not disposed of properly.21. An example of solar energy being used in the U.S is in the heating of swimming pools, and powering of cabins in off grid regions.
Find the percentage composition of each compound listed
below. In the first ten problems, the correct formula is given.
In the next four problems, laboratory data for the compound
are presented.
1. FeO
2. MgCl
3. CH4
4. CS₂
5. NO₂
6. HgO
7. SnI₁
8. Cu₂0
9. NH₂
10.CH₂O
Answer:
Explanation:
% comp is g element / g cpd x 100% get the grams from the periodic table
1) 77.78%Fe & 22.22 % O
2) 40.68 % Mg & 59.32 % Cl
3) 75 % C & 25% H
4) 15.79% C & 84.21 % S
5) 30.43 % N & 69.57 % 0
6) 92.63%Hg & 7.37 % )
7) 18.98 % Sn & 81.02 %I
8) 88.89 % Cu & 11.11 % O
9) 82.35 & N & 17.65 % H
10) 40% C & 6.67% H & 53.33 % O
I need help someone please help me
Answer:
i cannot see the picture
Explanation:
Mention the most suitable separation technique that may be used to separate the components and explain briefly how separation is achieved under the separation technique. A mixture of sand, table salt and iron fillings
The most suitable separation technique for this mixture is a combination of magnetic separation and filtration.
How is the mixture separated?First, a magnet can be used to separate the iron fillings from the sand and salt mixture. This is because iron is magnetic and will be attracted to the magnet, leaving the sand and salt behind.
Next, the sand and salt mixture can be dissolved in water. Since salt is soluble in water but sand is not, the salt will dissolve while the sand remains behind. The mixture can then be filtered to separate the sand from the saltwater solution.
Finally, the saltwater solution can be heated to evaporate the water and obtain the salt as a solid residue.
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Wind Energy (10 points)
22. Where does wind energy come from? What is a good definition of wind energy?
23. How does wind energy get turned into electrical energy?
24. Name and explain 3 advantages/disadvantages of getting electricity from wind energy compared to using fossil fuels or other alternative energies (specifically include environmental issues that can happen.
25. Find an example in the U.S. that uses wind energy to create electricity?
22. Wind energy comes from the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. As the sun heats up different parts of the Earth's surface, the air above them heats up and rises, creating a low-pressure area
23. Wind energy is converted into electrical energy using wind turbines.
Advantages of wind energy:Wind energy is renewable and does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or air pollutants, making it a clean source of energy.
Wind energy can be produced locally, reducing dependence on foreign oil and creating jobs in the local economy.
Wind turbines have a relatively small land footprint compared to other power sources.
Disadvantages of wind energy:Wind energy can be intermittent and variable, as wind speeds can vary depending on location and time of day.
Wind turbines can have negative impacts on wildlife, particularly birds and bats, and their habitats.
Wind turbines can have visual and noise impacts on nearby communities.
25. One example of wind energy being used to create electricity in the U.S. is the Alta Wind Energy Center in California.
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Oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4 • 2H2O, molecular weight = 126.07 g/mol), a diprotic acid, can also be used to standardize NaOH solution. If 0.284 g of H2C2O4 • 2H2O is dissolved in water and titrated to the equivalence point with 16.37 mL of NaOH, what is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
Answer:
0.275M
Explanation:
First, we need to determine the number of moles of oxalic acid dihydrate used in the titration:
moles of H2C2O4 • 2H2O = (0.284 g) / (126.07 g/mol) = 0.00225 mol
Since oxalic acid dihydrate is diprotic, it can react with two moles of NaOH per mole of H2C2O4 • 2H2O. Therefore, to determine the molarity of the NaOH solution, we need to divide the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration by the volume of NaOH solution used:
moles of NaOH = (0.00225 mol H2C2O4 • 2H2O) x (2 mol NaOH / 1 mol H2C2O4 • 2H2O) = 0.0045 mol
molarity of NaOH = (0.0045 mol) / (0.01637 L) = 0.275 M
Therefore, the molarity of the NaOH solution is 0.275 M.
Which statement accurately describes valence electrons?
O They are electrons in the outermost shell and involved in bonding.
O They are electrons in the second energy level and involved in bonding.
O They are electrons in the smallest shell and involved in bonding.
O They are electrons in the first energy level and involved in bonding.
Help ASAP please :(
Which statement describes gases
according to kinetic molecular theory?
According to the kinetic molecular theory, gases are described by the following statement:
Gases consist of small particles (atoms or molecules) that are in constant random motion.What does the statement meanThis statement highlights that gases are made up of particles that are in constant motion, moving in straight lines until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container.
The motion of gas particles is random, and their energy increases as the temperature of the gas increases. The kinetic molecular theory also suggests that the particles in a gas are far apart from each other and do not attract or repel each other, except during collisions.
Additionally, the kinetic molecular theory states that the pressure of a gas is caused by the collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container. The higher the concentration of gas particles or the faster they are moving, the greater the pressure of the gas.
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If 8.50 g of element A reacts with 5.50 g of element B to form compound AB, what mass of AB is formed, if no A or B is left in excess?
Answer:
massR = massP
massA + massB = massAB
18g + 4g = 22g
Explanation:
Which term is defined as the ability to dissolve within a given solvent?
O solution
O solubility
O dissociating
O dissolving
20pts
Answer:
Solubility.
Explanation:
Solubility is the maximum concentration of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. At the maximum concentration of solute, the solution is said to be saturated. The units of solubility can be provided in mol/L or g/L.
How old is H2O or water?
4.5 billion years old
hope this helps
Answer:
Earth's water is 4.5 billion years old.
Explanation:
Water is a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, freezing at 32°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C, that in a more or less impure constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.: it contains 11.188 percent hydrogen and 88.812 percent oxygen, by weight.
What is the pH of a bleach solution that has a [OH−]=1.9×10^-5 M?
On a distance time graph of an objects motion distance is usually what
If only 1600 grams of CO2 are produced, what is the percent error of this reaction?
Answer:
Explanation:
MTBE (C5H12O)
need quick will give 40 points
Answer:
3 moles H2 x (molecules / 1 mol H2)
Explanation:
3 moles H2 x (molecules / 1 mol H2)
L 4.4.2 Test (CST): Electricity and Energy Resources
Question 11 of 25
What happens to the field lines of two positive charges as the charges are
brought close together?
A. The field lines are attracted to the other charge.
B. The field lines cross together.
C. It would depend on what kind of positive charges they are.
D. The field lines bend away from the other charge.
SUBMIT
Answer:
D
Explanation:
because replusive force is much more
What is the total number of moles of reactants and products in the
chemical reaction listed below:
2 H₂S +30₂2 H₂O + 2 SO₂
The total number of moles of reactants and products in the chemical reaction given is 9 moles
How do i determine the total number of moles?The total number of mole of reactants and products in the chemical reaction can be obtained as follow:
2H₂S + 3O₂ -> 2H₂O + 2SO₂
The following were obtained from the above equation:
Mole of H₂S = 2 molesMole of O₂ = 3 molesMole of H₂O = 2 molesMole of SO₂ = 2 molesMole of reactants = Mole of (H₂S + O₂) = 2 + 3 = 5 molesMole of products = Mole of (H₂O + SO₂) = 2 + 2 = 4 molesTotal number of moles =?Total number of mole = Mole of reactants + mole of products
Total number of mole = 5 mole + 4 moles
Total number of mole = 9 moles
Thus, we can say that the total number of mole is 9 moles
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how many grams of Fe are produced from 92.5g of FeO given the following reaction
The mass(in grams) of iron, Fe produced from the 92.5g of iron (ii) oxide, FeO is 71.9 grams
How do i determine the mass of Fe produced?The mass of Fe produced from the 92.5g of iron (ii) oxide, FeO can be obtained as follow:
2FeO → 2Fe + O₂
Molar mass of FeO = 71.85 g/molMass of NH₃ from the balanced equation = 2 × 71.85 = 143.7 g Molar mass of Fe = 55.85 g/molMass of Fe from the balanced equation = 2 × 55.85 = 111.7 gFrom the balanced equation above,
143.7 g of FeO reacted to produce 111.7 g of Fe
Therefore,
92.5 g of Fe will react to produce = (92.5 × 111.7) / 143.7 = 71.9 g of Fe
Thus, the mass of Fe produced from the reaction is 71.9 grams
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Complete question:
How many grams of Fe are produced from 92.5 g of FeO given the following reaction 2FeO → 2Fe + O₂
Which of the following is a constant?
A. wavelength (λ)
B. Planck (h)
C. energy (E)
D. frequency (f)
B) Planck's constant (h)
Moles of water that were produced from the com combustion
The chemical of hydrogen has 0.0426 moles per y.
What is a combustion reaction equation example?A compound combines with an oxidising element, such as oxygen, in a complete combustion reaction, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel and the oxidising element. This reaction is exothermic. For instance, Carbon dioxide(g) + 2water(g) + heat + light = Methane(g) + 2Oxygen(g).
Molar mass of water (Water) = 2(1.008 g/mol) + 1(15.999 g/mol) = 18.015 g/mol
moles of water = mass of water collected / molar mass of water
moles of water = 0.384 g / 18.015 g/mol
moles of water = 0.0213 mol
Therefore, 0.0213 mol of water were produced from the combustion of the compound.
To determine the moles of hydrogen in the compound, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of hydrocarbons:
(x + y/4 - z/2)Oxygen → xCarbon dioxide + y/2water
From the equation, we can see that each mole of water produced in the combustion reaction corresponds to y/2 moles of hydrogen in the original compound.
Since we now know that 0.0213 mol of water were produced, we can calculate the moles of hydrogen in the compound:
moles of hydrogen = (2 mol of water / y mol of hydrogen) x 0.0213 mol of water
moles of hydrogen = 0.0426 mol / y
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the smallest whole number ratio of elects in a compound
Answer: The smallest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a compound represents the molar ratio of the elements in which they are combined. For example, Water is a compound. The chemical formula of water is H2O H 2 O . In water, H and O elements are combined in the molar ratio of 2:1.Explanation:
Answer:
[tex]emperical \: formula[/tex]
How many moles of MgS are in 100.g MgS?
Answer:
Explanation:
100/56 = 1.79 moles MgS
56 came from the periodic table for Mg and S
Need help with these calculations attached
A. The hydronium ion concentration, [H₃O⁺] of the solution is 4.57×10⁻⁸ M
B. The hydroxide ion concentration, [OH⁻] of the solution is 1.28×10⁻⁶ M
C. The hydroxide ion concentration, [OH⁻] of the solution is 1.80×10⁻¹¹ M
A. How do i determine the [H₃O⁺] of the solution?We can determine the [H₃O⁺] of the solution as shown below:
Concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH⁻] = 2.19×10⁻⁷MConcentration of hydronium, ion [H₃O⁺] = ?[H₃O⁺] × [OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] × 2.19×10⁻⁷ = 10¯¹⁴
Divide both side by 2.19×10⁻⁷
[H₃O⁺] = 10¯¹⁴ / 2.19×10⁻⁷
[H₃O⁺] = 4.57×10⁻⁸ M
B. How do I determine of [OH⁻] of the solution?We can determine the [OH⁻] of the solution as shown below:
Concentration of hydronium, ion [H₃O⁺] = 7.81×10⁻⁹ MConcentration of hydroxide ion, [OH⁻] =?[H₃O⁺] × [OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴
7.81×10⁻⁹ × [OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴
Divide both side by 7.81×10⁻⁹
[OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴ / 7.81×10⁻⁹
[OH⁻] = 1.28×10⁻⁶ M
C. How do I determine of [OH⁻] of the solution?We can determine the [OH⁻] of the solution as shown below:
Concentration of hydronium, ion [H₃O⁺] = 5.57×10⁻⁴ MConcentration of hydroxide ion, [OH⁻] =?[H₃O⁺] × [OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴
5.57×10⁻⁴ × [OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴
Divide both side by 5.57×10⁻⁴
[OH⁻] = 10¯¹⁴ / 5.57×10⁻⁴
[OH⁻] = 1.80×10⁻¹¹ M
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Erik wants to test clay,slit,and sandy soils for how well they hold water. explain how Erik should complete his investigation.
Erik should mix equal amounts of each soil type with an equal amount of water in separate jars and let them sit undisturbed for several hours to compare the amount of water absorbed by each soil.
How to Investigate the Water Holding Capacity of Soils?To test clay, silt, and sandy soils for how well they hold water, Erik should conduct a simple investigation using the same amount of each soil type and equal amounts of water.
He can begin by taking three different jars and filling each one with the same amount of soil from each type. Then, he should add an equal amount of water to each jar and mix the contents thoroughly.
After mixing, he should allow the jars to sit undisturbed for several hours to allow the water to be absorbed by the soil. He can then measure the amount of water left in each jar and compare the results. This will help Erik determine which soil type holds water better than the others.
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Suppose 0.850 L of 0.400 M H₂SO, is mixed with 0.800 L of 0.250 M KOH. What concentration of sulfuric acid remains
after neutralization?
_______ M H₂SO4
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide is:
H₂SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → K₂SO4(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of H₂SO4 reacts with 2 moles of KOH. We can use this information to determine the number of moles of H₂SO4 and KOH present in the mixture before neutralization:
moles of H₂SO4 = 0.850 L x 0.400 mol/L = 0.34 mol
moles of KOH = 0.800 L x 0.250 mol/L = 0.20 mol
Since KOH is the limiting reagent, it will be completely consumed in the reaction. The number of moles of H₂SO4 that reacts with the KOH is given by:
moles of H₂SO4 reacted = 2 x moles of KOH = 0.40 mol
The remaining moles of H₂SO4 after neutralization is:
moles of H₂SO4 remaining = moles of H₂SO4 - moles of H₂SO4 reacted
moles of H₂SO4 remaining = 0.34 mol - 0.40 mol
moles of H₂SO4 remaining = -0.06 mol
Since the moles of H₂SO4 remaining is negative, it means that all of the H₂SO4 has reacted with the KOH and there is an excess of KOH. Therefore, the concentration of sulfuric acid remaining after neutralization is 0 M.
It took 4.5 pints of chlorine to purify the water in the holding tank. How many liters of chlorine were needed?
2.215 liters
2.115 liters
1.215 liters
1.115 liters
Answer:2.115 L
Explanation:
4.5 x .47 = 2.115 L
4.5 pints are approximately equal to 2.129292 liters. The answer closes to the result is 2.215 liters.
Explanation:This question is concerned with conversion between pints and liters. 1 pint is equal to approximately 0.473176 liters. Therefore, to find out how many liters that 4.5 pints is equal to, we multiply 4.5 by 0.473176.
The calculation is as follows: 4.5 pints * 0.473176 liters/pint = 2.129292 liters
Considering the options that was given, the closest answer is 2.215 liters.
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3. Use the exponential notation to express the physical quantities
(a) V = 15.50 mL to L (b) m = 5.00 g to g (c) m=2000 g
Scientific notation is a method of expressing numbers that are too large or too tiny to be represented in decimal form because it would need an extremely long string of digits.
What is exponential notation ?Numbers significantly larger or smaller than these are difficult to read and write because it is simple to count the zeros incorrectly. Using exponential notation is easier. Very large numbers can be expressed as an ordinary (fixed point) number, a letter E, and a whole number. The full number indicates how many places to the right the fixed point number's decimal point must be shifted to acquire the same value as an ordinary number.
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Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction equation
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
How many milliliters of 1.50 M HCl(aq) are required to react with 5.05 g Zn(s)?
volume: ___ mL
Answer:
many milliliters of 1.50 M HCl(aq) are required to react with 5.05 g Zn(s)?
volume: 16 mL
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of Zn:
m(Zn) = 5.05 g
M(Zn) = 65.38 g/mol (molar mass of Zn)
n(Zn) = m(Zn) / M(Zn) = 5.05 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.0773 mol
According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of Zn reacts with 2 moles of HCl. Therefore, the number of moles of HCl needed is:
n(HCl) = 2 × n(Zn) = 2 × 0.0773 mol = 0.1546 mol
Now we can use the molarity of the HCl solution to calculate the volume needed:
M(HCl) = 1.50 mol/L
n(HCl) = V(HCl) × M(HCl)
V(HCl) = n(HCl) / M(HCl) = 0.1546 mol / 1.50 mol/L = 0.103 L = 103 mL
Therefore, we need 103 mL of 1.50 M HCl(aq) to react with 5.05 g Zn(s).